According to a study conducted by IUCN, average garbage generation is around 0.44 kg per person per day. Garbage generated is a function of household wealth, lower income households generating 0.19 kg per person per day, while higher income households generate 0.84 kg per person per day. It just also exhibits how the consumption of higher income households is more than four times of lower income households.
The study also suggested that more than 70 percent of waste generated is household waste, which is a mix of organic, and non-organic waste, with some of the latter being recyclable. Organic waste can be collected and used for fertilizer compost. At least 3 tons of organic waste needs to be available for scalable production of fertilizer – which can be used in maintenance of public parks, or even is sold in the open market. Similarly, plastic, metal, wood, etc. can also be recycled once the investment is made in collection and sorting mechanisms.
On the economic front, it is estimated that average cost for collection and disposal of garbage in low-income countries like Pakistan is around USD 30 per ton – suggesting a daily cost of around USD 390,000, or annual outlay of USD 142.3 million. On a household level, the average monthly cost for efficient garbage collection and disposal is estimated to be around USD 2.96, or roughly PKR 400 per month. Although pricing is considerably for lower-income households, the same can be compensated by charging a higher price for higher income households, making the collection and disposal process self-sustaining, rather than being susceptible to budget allocation politics of provincial, and city governments.
Trash is gold, and it can be used for the generation of electricity through the waste-to-energy process. It is estimated that approximately 2,200 tons of municipal solid-waste are required daily for the generation of 50 Mega-Watt (MW) of power. If only 40% of the garbage that is generated in the city is collected and used, it is possible to generate up to 100 MW of electricity. As per NEPRA’s calculation for an upfront tariff of electricity, at an initial outlay of roughly USD 3 million per MW, or an investment of USD 300 million, it is possible to generate electricity from trash at a cost of PKR 12 per kilowatt-hour (kWh).
Development of an integrated solid waste management system, which can clean up the city while using the same garbage to generate electricity requires political will more than anything else. Such a system will not only clean up the city but also provide an indigenous source of power. A public-private partnership which has the support of all stakeholders of the city, and the province can do wonders, and sustainably resolve the garbage issue for the city. However, without political will, there isn't much that can be done, and one of the largest cities in the world can continue to be an ever-expanding dump.
Ammar Habib Khan has a Masters in Macroeconomic Policy, he is a Risk Manager & Energy Economist by Profession
KARACHI - Following are the foreign currency exchange rates for US Dollar, Saudi Riyal, UK Pound Sterling, U.A.E. Dirham, European Euro, and other foreign currencies in Pakistan open market on June 06, 2023 (Tuesday).
Source: Forex Association of Pakistan. (last update 09:00 AM)
Currency | Symbol | Buying | Selling |
US Dollar | USD | 304.9 | 308.15 |
Euro | EUR | 322 | 325 |
UK Pound Sterling | GBP | 377 | 381 |
U.A.E Dirham | AED | 83.5 | 84.5 |
Saudi Riyal | SAR | 80.5 | 81.5 |
Australian Dollar | AUD | 202 | 204 |
Bahrain Dinar | BHD | 758.82 | 766.80 |
Canadian Dollar | CAD | 226 | 230 |
China Yuan | CNY | 40.28 | 40.68 |
Danish Krone | DKK | 41.03 | 41.43 |
Hong Kong Dollar | HKD | 36.4 | 36.75 |
Indian Rupee | INR | 3.46 | 3.57 |
Japanese Yen | JPY | 2 | 2.08 |
Kuwaiti Dinar | KWD | 925.2 | 934.2 |
Malaysian Ringgit | MYR | 61.94 | 62.54 |
New Zealand Dollar | NZD | 173.16 | 175.16 |
Norwegians Krone | NOK | 25.88 | 26.18 |
Omani Riyal | OMR | 742.38 | 750.38 |
Qatari Riyal | QAR | 78.38 | 79.08 |
Singapore Dollar | SGD | 220 | 222 |
Swedish Korona | SEK | 26.36 | 26.66 |
Swiss Franc | CHF | 313.87 | 316.37 |
Thai Bhat | THB | 8.21 | 8.36 |
KARACHI – The price of a single tola of 24-karat gold in Pakistan is Rs 228,900 on Wednesday. The price of 10 grams of 24k gold was recorded at Rs197,190.
Likewise, 10 grams of 22k gold were being traded for Rs180,756 while a single tola of 22-karat gold was being sold at Rs 210,832.
Note: The gold rate in Pakistan is fluctuating according to the international market so the price is never been fixed. The below rates are provided by local gold markets and Sarafa Markets of different cities.
City | Gold | Silver |
Lahore | PKR 228,900 | PKR 2125 |
Karachi | PKR 228,900 | PKR 2125 |
Islamabad | PKR 228,900 | PKR 2125 |
Peshawar | PKR 228,900 | PKR 2125 |
Quetta | PKR 228,900 | PKR 2125 |
Sialkot | PKR 228,900 | PKR 2125 |
Attock | PKR 228,900 | PKR 2125 |
Gujranwala | PKR 228,900 | PKR 2125 |
Jehlum | PKR 228,900 | PKR 2125 |
Multan | PKR 228,900 | PKR 2125 |
Bahawalpur | PKR 228,900 | PKR 2125 |
Gujrat | PKR 228,900 | PKR 2125 |
Nawabshah | PKR 228,900 | PKR 2125 |
Chakwal | PKR 228,900 | PKR 2125 |
Hyderabad | PKR 228,900 | PKR 2125 |
Nowshehra | PKR 228,900 | PKR 2125 |
Sargodha | PKR 228,900 | PKR 2125 |
Faisalabad | PKR 228,900 | PKR 2125 |
Mirpur | PKR 228,900 | PKR 2125 |
Daily Pakistan diligently monitors and updates the current gold rates in Pakistan on a daily basis
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