One patent battle took almost seven years, after the New York-based company filed a claim at the European Patent Register on September 29, 2008, for a composition containing botanical extracts from three herbs, including cinnamon, a common kitchen spice across India, known here as “dalchini”.
India opposed the claim using the traditional knowledge digital library (TKDL) database, created in the last decade to fight biopiracy.
The database, maintained by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), submitted its plea in May 2011, and the European patent office ruled in India’s favour last month.
Two years after filing the first patent claim, Colgate-Palmolive moved another application in 2010 before the European patent office, seeking protection for another oral composition containing nutmeg, ginger, “Bakul” tree, camphor, cinnamon, turmeric, Indian banyan, black pepper, long pepper, Neem and clove. The solution is for treating oral cavity diseases.
This, too, was challenged in June 2014 by TKDL, which showed to the patent examiner there was no novelty in the Colgate claims as ancient Indian texts mention use of extracts from these plants for the same disorders. The claim was rejected this March.
“We identified about 1,500 cases of biopiracy, out of which about 200 have been checked by patent examiners. We won about 180 out of these 200 cases. There are another 1,300-odd cases to be fought,” V K Gupta, former director of the TKDL group in CSIR, told Deccan Herald.
The first case against Colgate was initiated during his tenure.
The digital database, containing Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha formulations, and known medicinal properties of Indian herbs, was created following India’s successful IPR battles on haldi (turmeric), neem and Basmati rice.
The Union Commerce Ministry spent Rs 7.61 crore in 2000 as legal fee to reverse a patent examiner’s decision on basmati rice. “Going by that standard, the TKDL has saved upwards of Rs 500 crore so far, and more to come. In the next step, the government should not only add many more ancient books to the TKDL database but also incorporate knowledge from manuscripts,” said Gupta, who retired in 2013.
Besides Colgate, the other big players who bit the TKDL bullets are Nestle, L’Oreal, Avasthagen, Ranbaxy and Unilever.
The author is working as Editor Digital Media for Daily Pakistan and can be reached @ItsSarfrazAli.
KARACHI - Following are the foreign currency exchange rates for US Dollar, Saudi Riyal, UK Pound Sterling, U.A.E. Dirham, European Euro, and other foreign currencies in Pakistan open market on April 01 , 2023 (Saturday).
Source: Forex Association of Pakistan. (last update 09:00 AM)
Currency | Symbol | Buying | Selling |
US Dollar | USD | 283.6 | 286.65 |
Euro | EUR | 308 | 311 |
UK Pound Sterling | GBP | 350.5 | 354 |
U.A.E Dirham | AED | 77.2 | 77.9 |
Saudi Riyal | SAR | 75.5 | 76.5 |
Australian Dollar | AUD | 187.5 | 189.9 |
Bahrain Dinar | BHD | 754.25 | 762.25 |
Canadian Dollar | CAD | 206.5 | 208.7 |
China Yuan | CNY | 41.16 | 41.56 |
Danish Krone | DKK | 41.49 | 41.89 |
Hong Kong Dollar | HKD | 36.11 | 36.46 |
Indian Rupee | INR | 3.45 | 3.56 |
Japanese Yen | JPY | 2.25 | 2.3 |
Kuwaiti Dinar | KWD | 924.86 | 933.86 |
Malaysian Ringgit | MYR | 64.14 | 64.73 |
New Zealand Dollar | NZD | 176.37 | 178.38 |
Norwegians Krone | NOK | 27.16 | 27.46 |
Omani Riyal | OMR | 736.57 | 144.51 |
Qatari Riyal | QAR | 77.87 | 78.57 |
Singapore Dollar | SGD | 209.5 | 211.5 |
Swedish Korona | SEK | 27.35 | 27.65 |
Swiss Franc | CHF | 310.26 | 312.76 |
Thai Bhat | THB | 8.29 | 8.44 |
KARACHI - The price of a single tola of 24-karat gold in Pakistan is Rs 209,000 on Saturday.The price of 10 grams of 24k gold was recorded at Rs179,190.
Likewise, 10 grams of 22k gold were being traded for Rs163,624 while a single tola of 22-karat gold was being sold at Rs 190,880.
Note: The gold rate in Pakistan is fluctuating according to the international market so the price is never been fixed. The below rates are provided by local gold markets and Sarafa Markets of different cities.
City | Gold | Silver |
Lahore | PKR 209,000 | PKR 2,525 |
Karachi | PKR 209,000 | PKR 2,525 |
Islamabad | PKR 209,000 | PKR 2,525 |
Peshawar | PKR 209,000 | PKR 2,525 |
Quetta | PKR 209,000 | PKR 2,525 |
Sialkot | PKR 209,000 | PKR 2,525 |
Attock | PKR 209,000 | PKR 2,525 |
Gujranwala | PKR 209,000 | PKR 2,525 |
Jehlum | PKR 209,000 | PKR 2,525 |
Multan | PKR 209,000 | PKR 2,525 |
Bahawalpur | PKR 209,000 | PKR 2,525 |
Gujrat | PKR 209,000 | PKR 2,525 |
Nawabshah | PKR 209,000 | PKR 2,525 |
Chakwal | PKR 209,000 | PKR 2,525 |
Hyderabad | PKR 209,000 | PKR 2,525 |
Nowshehra | PKR 209,000 | PKR 2,525 |
Sargodha | PKR 209,000 | PKR 2,525 |
Faisalabad | PKR 209,000 | PKR 2,525 |
Mirpur | PKR 209,000 | PKR 2,525 |
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